![]() Additionally, density and viscosity can be used as well although the velocity and pressure-based flow classifications are the most common. ![]() Sign Up Flow classification and equationsĪn aerodynamic flow field can be classified based on the following physical parameters: velocity, pressure, and temperature. Otto Lilienthal was the first person to become successful with glider flights, and after all this research work, the Wright brothers flew for the first time with an engine-powered airplane in 1903. Drag theories by engineers like Kirchhoff and Rayleigh were established. In 1871, the first wind tunnel was built. Terms like “drag”, “lift”, and “thrust” were born and the relationships between them were determined. In the early 1800s, engineers and scientists studied the aerodynamic forces of flight. The desire for the flight was always the main driving force behind the development of the engineering field of aerodynamics. The famous Navier-Stokes governing equations of fluid dynamics were born in 1800, however, this is also the most difficult model to solve. Further famous scientists such as Bernoulli, Euler, Navier, and Stokes gave a more precise and mathematically founded description of gas dynamics. The very first aerodynamicist was Sir Isaac Newton, who developed and described the theory of flow resistance, also known as drag. Very early attempts to describe flow quantities appear in the work of Aristotle and Archimedes however, the scientific field “aerodynamics” does not appear in their notes. The dream of flight and a machine that is “lighter than air” was already present in ancient history. HistoryĪlthough the wind had been widely used as a tool by humankind (windmills, sailboats) already, the beginning of the scientific study of aerodynamics only dates back to the seventeenth century. Being a sub-field, most of the equations from fluid dynamics apply to aerodynamics as well, including all the governing equations, turbulence, boundary layer theory, and ideal gas assumption. Aerodynamics is the science of moving air and its impact on solid bodies placed in the flow field as an obstacle.
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